Texas State Specific Exam (TSSE) for Land Surveying Practice Exam

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• What was the specific land allotment for families under Preemption Grants from 1854 to 1856?
• A witness who saw a monument being placed is providing which type of evidence?
• In Muller V. Landa, how is land described that is near a stream but does not mention the stream?
• What is the Statute of Limitations?
• What happens if a firm does not have at least one RPLS full-time?
• What was the name of the very first Texas Road?
• How many sections of land were railroads required to survey per mile of tract constructed according to the Constitution of 1876?
• During which period did Spanish sovereignty over Texas occur?
• What ellipsoid model is used in the N.A.D. 83 reference system?
• What principle does the Four Corner Rule address in land disputes?
• What does the term "coastal line" refer to in Texas?
• Which of the following best summarizes porciones?
• Which of the following is NOT part of boundary construction?
• Statute Law is established by which of the following?
• What happens to the land beneath perennial streams according to Texas law?
• According to Turner V. Smith, what must happen when surveys are connected in a block?
• What is the average width requirement for a stream to be considered navigable by Texas law?
• Which statement is true regarding adjoining strips of land in a deed?
• Under the colonization laws of Coahuila and Texas, how many leagues could Mexican citizens buy?
• What type of land ownership does the term 'Headright' refer to in Texas history?
• How do unrecorded subdivisions typically describe their boundaries?
• What does "ordinary flow" mean in the context of water ownership?
• What must surveys made at the same time in a block system suffer from according to Turner V. Smith?
• What does the Abstract Number represent in the Texas General Land Office?
• What does the term "color of title" refer to?
• What is a squatter?
• What is the first step in the land grant process under the Republic and State of Texas?
• What requirement did immigrants have to meet according to the regulations of the Coahuila and Texas colonization law of 1825?
• What was the time period known as the Mexican Sovereignty Period in Texas?
• When were the Permanent School Funds established?
• What is the status of a person who is vested in property?
• What does N.A.D. 83 stand for in surveying terminology?
• What is required to express Common Law Dedication?
• What does the 30-foot rule pertain to in the Republic of Texas?
• What does the land grant process under the Republic and State of Texas entail?
• What is the term of office for the Commissioner of the General Land Office (GLO) in Texas?
• What was the allocation for Single Men under Second Class Headrights?
• What marks the boundary line between the seashore and upland estate?
• What is the definition of "Easement by necessity"?
• What does the term "Buttsteps" refer to in land surveying?
• What does the term "Intent" refer to in legal documents?
• How many members are in the new board of the Texas Board of Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors?
• Which of the following best describes adverse possession in relation to those under disability?
• What legal requirement is established by the Statute of Frauds?
• Which act was aimed at reducing emigration from the US to Texas?
• Which of the following is an example of a claim that could potentially impair a land title?
• What does Statute Law consist of?
• What does the term 'GLO' stand for in the context of land surveying?
• What assumption is made regarding a grant of land adjoining a non-navigable or torrential stream?
• What is meant by the term "evidence" in surveying?
• How many years of study is required to determine the mean high tide?
• Which term describes an informative call that does not establish a boundary?
• What does common repute refer to in land surveying?
• What does the term "buttsteps" mean in land surveying?
• Which concept indicates a legal rights transfer distinct from public appropriation?
• What does a littoral owner refer to?
• Which of the following rights does not relate to property ownership?
• What is the measurement of a vara used for in Texas land surveys?
• What characterizes prima facie evidence?
• What is the definition of Adverse Possession?
• What is a patent in the context of land grants in Texas?
• What type of stream water is controlled by the state for irrigation?
• During what years was the period of Mexican Sovereignty in Texas?
• What is an obliterated corner?
• How many acres were provided under Military Headrights to soldiers who came to Texas between March 2 and August 1, 1836?
• How is an 'abutter' described in land surveying?
• What is the measurement of a vara in Texas?
• In the context of Texas land surveying, what does the term "cultivates" signify?
• In land surveying, what does the term 'abutter' imply about two properties?
• What type of power does the Crown represent in a monarchy?
• What is a cloud on title?
• What did the Texas Supreme Court decide in Hogue V. Baker (1898)?
• What government entity was established after World War II to assist veterans with land?
• Under what condition must an easement be stamped?
• What legislative requirement was imposed in 1905 regarding the sale of school lands?
• What is the Four Corners Rule primarily concerned with?
• What is the primary purpose of Eminent Domain?
• What type of evidence is described as 'indirect'?
• What event initiated the Mexican War?
• What is the minimum penalty for an RPLS in Texas?
• What is meant by "Written Evidence" in land surveying contexts?
• Which of the following is a requirement to become a Licensed State Land Surveyor (LSLS) in Texas?
• What does LSLS stand for in land surveying?
• What type of evidence is classified as secondary?
• What type of evidence would consist of oral testimony?
• What does 'accretion' refer to in the context of land ownership?
• What is the term for a written instrument that transfers ownership of property?
• In the context of easements, what does "Dominant Estate" signify?
• What is meant by the term 'cloud on a title'?
• What does the term 'Open, actual, notorious, distinct and hostile' generally refer to in land claim statutes?
• In the context of land conveyance, what is presumed if no specific language is used in a deed?
• Which type of evidence is considered extrinsic evidence?
• What did the land reserved for education include in the 1839 Public School Act?
• What do riparian rights include?
• What is defined as a vacancy in land surveying?
• In a trespass to try title suit, who has the burden of proof?
• Who does a good faith claimant file for a vacancy with?
• When a perennial stream crossed a Mexican grant, who retains the title to the bed of the stream?
• What is a gradient boundary?
• What does a deed of acquittance claim in Texas?
• Which type of property is typically classified as Real Property?
• Which term refers to an instrument that appears to convey ownership but contains a defect?
• What does adjudication involve?
• Who appropriates flood waters in Texas?
• In the context of legal terms, what does the term "civil rights" refer to?
• How does a perennial stream contrast with a torrential stream?
• How is the shape of a tract of land determined on a non-navigable stream?
• What does the concept of hostility represent in Adverse Possession?
• When was the General Land Office established?
• In Rio Bravo Oil Co. et al V. J.F. Weed, et al, what generally prevails in case of an error between specific descriptions?
• What types of features can indicate possession evidence in land surveying?
• Which legal principle helps prevent claims based on previously accepted actions?
• What is the primary purpose of litigation?
• What is the maximum amount of land granted for military service during the Texas Revolution?
• How far does the eastern boundary of Texas extend into the Gulf of Mexico from the mouth of the Sabine River according to historical law?
• What is typically a requirement for acquiring property through adverse possession?
• What can be the consequence of being a squatter on someone else’s land?
• What is a Consulting Expert's primary function in land surveying?
• What is an important characteristic of sedimentary rocks?
• What does the Small Bill Act of 1929 allow a landowner to do?
• Which type of monument is given the highest priority in Dignity of Calls?
• What is the sequential process for the land grant during the Spanish/Mexican period?
• What is the responsibility of a land surveyor regarding property boundaries?
• What type of evidence includes facts that a court would be aware of?
• What is the size of land allotted to single men under the Empresario colonies?
• In a non-perennial stream, who shares ownership of the bed?
• Which type of land is described by the term littoral?
• In the case of Town of Refugio V. Strauch, what is said about the use of streets?
• What condition must single men meet to receive land under the Second Class Headrights?
• Who received First Class Headrights in the Republic of Texas between 1836-1845?
• What must a statutory dedication contain to be valid?
• What are littoral rights associated with?
• What does the term "Prescription" refer to in property law?
• Who owns the flood waters that are found above the highest ordinary flow?
• What is the purpose of the 25 Year Statute Term concerning land claims?
• In boundary construction, what is the significance of the dignity of calls?
• What was the primary purpose of the Bourland and Miller Commission established in Texas in 1850?
• What was a key feature of Donation Grants issued in Texas?
• In the context of property ownership, what is a "cloud on title"?
• What is the name of the waters that exist above the line of the highest ordinary flow?
• How do courts typically rectify issues surrounding ambiguity in legal documents?
• Which of the following is NOT part of the role of an empresario?
• What does the term riparian refer to?
• What is the definition of Mean High Tide after 1840 in Texas?
• In the case of Stafford v. King, what was determined regarding surveying practices?
• Which of the following is considered a type of "Dignity of Calls"?
• What was a stipulation of the 1824 Law regarding settlement areas for foreigners?
• Which of the following describes an easement acquired through prescription?
• What must an RPLS exert control over?
• What does acquiescence imply in a legal context?
• What characterizes tidal water?
• What did the Preemption Act of 1845 allow in Texas?
• Who set and determined the Texas State Plane Coordinate system?
• What occurs with "Total erosion" of a parcel of land?
• What must surveyors know in relation to practicing their profession effectively?
• What is a key consideration in the case of State vs Palacios regarding boundary determination?
• What was the eastern boundary set by the Republic of Texas in 1836?
• Which among the following is not a type of evidence?
• What does accession refer to in property law?
• What did the Report of the Bourland and Miller Commission in 1851 summarize?
• What is the difference between patent and latent ambiguity?
• Which of the following is a clue for potential adverse possession?
• When was the General Land Office established in Texas?
• What was the main outcome of the Adams-Onis Treaty?
• Under the Colonization Law of Coahuila and Texas, immigrants were exempt from paying taxes for how long?
• What does the term 'testament' commonly refer to?
• What was the amount allocated to Heads of Household as Second Class Headrights?
• What is the purpose of deeds of acquittance?
• In the case of Gulf Oil Corp vs Marathon Oil Co., how can a boundary be proven?
• What is the legal presumption about the actions of a surveyor as indicated in court cases?
• What rights does the owner of property abutting a non-navigable stream enjoy?
• What historical significance does the term "Title" have in the context of land ownership in Texas?
• What is a critical factor that must be proven in cases of Adverse Possession?
• In legal terms, which of the following best describes a plaintiff?
• Who does a good faith claimant file with when seeking rights to a vacancy?
• What does the statute of repose state regarding surveys for claims and damages?
• According to the Constitution of 1876, how many sections per mile were provided for railroads?
• What characterizes a lost corner?
• What is the role of the Sovereign in property law?
• What rights did the Relinquishment Act grant to landowners?
• What does secondary evidence refer to?
• Riparian rights are based on the fact that an owner's land abuts what type of water body?
• What is the purpose of a quiet title action?
• What are flood waters defined as in relation to the ordinary flow of a stream?
• What must land grants from the Republic of Texas be issued between to be considered valid under the Fourth Class Headrights?
• What was the basis for angles measured during the Mexican Period?
• What are university lands in Texas primarily used for?
• What should you do if you find that a surveyor claims to have set monuments but has not?
• What is required for a Power of Attorney to be effective?
• What additional requirement was mandated for land grants under the Fourth Class Headrights?
• What does the term 'Cordel' refer to in surveying?
• What does the legal term 'estoppel' mean?
• In deeds, how are grantors indexed in the Direct Index?
• What are the minimum standards set by the State of Texas for land surveying practice?
• When did Texas declare its independence from Mexico?
• What requirement was necessary for all boundary points in Mexican grants?
• What was the purpose of the Vacancy Law of 1939 in Texas?
• Which of the following best describes a vara in the context of Texas measurements?
• What was the outcome of the case Jones V. Smith regarding the definition of a boundary?
• The line between state-owned bed of navigable streams and adjoining private land is defined by what case?
• What is considered primary evidence?
• Who is referred to as the plaintiff in a court case?
• Do the 3-5-10 year statutes for adverse possession run against minors?
• What does a "Bequest" refer to in legal terms?
• What is meant by the term "Crown" in a monarchy context?
• What does 'lis pendens' signify in property law?
• What does the concept of 'eminent domain' allow the government to do?
• Where can one find the location of the original surveys?
• What characterizes a perennial stream?
• For the 5 Year Statute Term, what action is NOT permissible regarding the deed?
• How many feet are in one statute mile?
• What does the term 'statutory' refer to?
• What defines Royalty in the context of mineral rights?
• How is the boundary line of a grant of a stream whose waters are affected by the tide determined?
• What law pertains to the use of navigable waterways in the Diversion Lake Club V. Heath case?
• What is a Trespass to try title action?
• What does "no vacancy" imply in a system of surveys?
• What is the primary purpose of a retracement survey?
• What was the main purpose of the report commissioned in 1850 by the State of Texas?
• When a deed specifies that a boundary line is along a non-navigable stream, where is the boundary line located?
• What is the primary characteristic of riparian rights?
• Which materials are categorized as sedimentary?
• What is indicated by the configuration of land along a navigable stream?
• What was retained by Texas upon its annexation to the United States?
• What is typically included in the six classes of evidence?
• What type of ownership does Fee Simple represent?
• What does 'erosion' refer to in the context of land?
• What was Stephen F. Austin's role during Haden Edwards' revolt?
• What significant event did Santa Anna sign in relation to Texas?
• What is the role of the county judge in the process of eminent domain?
• What is true about vacancies in a system of surveys?
• In which documents are the angles from the Mexican Period recorded?
• What does intent represent in the context of a legal instrument?
• What does alluvion refer to?
• Who is primarily responsible for the accuracy of a land survey in a consulting role?
• What was ruled in the Jones V. Smith case regarding the boundary supported by a surveyor's opinion?
• What does 'wet beach' refer to in the context of property surveying?
• Which characteristic is indicative of adverse possession?
• According to Stafford V. King, which should be considered paramount in boundary determination?
• Which of the following describes real evidence?
• What was the provision for single men under the Colonist Law of 1824?
• What does an explicit reservation in a deed signify for adjoining strips of land?
• How many types of evidence are acknowledged in the context of property law?
• What is hearsay evidence?
• In the case Muller V. Landa, what is significant when land is described by metes and bounds near a stream?
• What was the purpose of Donation Grants issued by the Republic of Texas?
• In disputes involving adjoining lands, what is a significant source of ambiguity?
• What was the purpose of the Central National Road Scrip issued in 1844?
• What evidence is considered indispensable in land surveying?
• What is the maximum area granted to single men under the provisions of the Colonization Act of 1823?
• If a deed states the boundary line is along a non-navigable stream, where is the boundary line located?
• What does encroachment mean in the context of land ownership?
• Which of the following describes the nature of a Quitclaim Deed?
• What does adverse possession allow a person to do?
• What significant change was made by the Registered Professional Land Surveyor Act in 1989?
• In the case of non-perennial streams, what happens to the title of the streambed when it is included in a grant?
• What is the boundary established by the US government in regard to Texas?
• Which of the following is an example of sedimentary rock?
• What is the process of accretion?
• What class of Headrights was issued to those who arrived between October 1, 1837 and January 1, 1840?
• Who was the first commissioner of the General Land Office?
• What is the definition of direct evidence in surveying?
• What was the first colony established during the Mexican Period in Texas?
• Who is referred to as a landlord in legal terms?
• What were Headrights in the context of Texas history?
• What is the renewal fee set by the board for business entities in land surveying?
• How are grantees indexed in the Reverse Index of deeds?
• What has the Supreme Court concluded about the line of mean high tide under common law?
• Who was the first elected president of the Republic of Texas?
• What is the primary function of adjudication in legal matters?
• What is the area measurement of one league/sitio?
• What defines 'avulsion' in land surveying?
• In surveying, what does a system of surveys signify?
• What is the color of the printing cover for the Reverse Index of deeds?
• What does the term "natural resource code" refer to in Texas surveying context?
• Which term describes land that gradually appears as water recedes?
• Which type of stream flows continuously throughout the entire calendar year?
• In reference to the current market value, what is the significance of the excess land as indicated by Findlay V. State?
• What is a muniment?
• On what date did Texas officially become a state?
• Who is responsible for filing the application for a vacancy in surveying?
• Which office in Texas was established to manage land grants and records?
• What type of document must not be used as a final survey document?
• What right does a grantee have when a patent of land is found to be in excess, according to Findlay V. State?
• According to Duval County Ranch Co. V. Foster, what invalidates an agreement regarding boundaries?
• What does the gradient boundary differentiate between?
• What happens if a survey mistakenly omits a strip of land?
• What are the waters called that represent the ordinary flow of a stream up to the line of the highest ordinary flow?
• For which group of people were Confederate Scrip Certificates specifically issued?
• What is a royalty in relation to mineral and oil leases?
• Which group received 640 acres as Third Class Headrights?
• What does the term "Thence" typically signify in land descriptions?
• What type of jurisdiction does a Probate Court have?
• What does the term 'general land office' refer to in the context of land surveying?
• According to the Colonization Act (1823-1824), how much land was granted to a ranchman?
• What does ambiguity refer to in legal terms?
• What must a board include to properly file a complaint according to regulations?
• What level of precision is required by the TBPELS for cities?
• An "Easement by Express Reservation" is typically created for what purpose?
• What does the case Findlay V. State establish about patents of land found to be in excess?
• What was the primary objective of the Registered Public Surveyor Act passed in 1955?
• Which two units of measurement are utilized in N.A.D. 83?
• What do meander lines represent for riparian owners?
• What does the term "hiatus" refer to in the context of land surveying?
• What presumption exists in the case of State of Texas V. E.B. Sullivan et al regarding the surveyor's actions?
• What is the maximum penalty for an RPLS found in violation of regulations?
• In land surveying, what is the significance of a "boundary survey"?
• What does the term "Quick Take" refer to in public project management?
• What defines a prescriptive easement?
• What role does a County Surveyor serve in relation to public land use?
• Who appropriates flood waters in Texas?
• What term would refer to a written document that indicates the transfer of land from one party to another?
• Who is responsible for the election of county surveyors?
• What legal status does a riparian owner hold over water use?
• Which of the following best describes a labor in terms of area measurement?
• What characteristic is prominent in land areas classified as 'vacancy'?
• How many members are on the Texas Board of Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors?
• What was the primary purpose of the Statute of Frauds enacted in 1677?
• What kind of shape will a tract of land likely maintain along a non-navigable stream?
• What is a key factor for called surveys as per Turner V. Smith?
• What is the definition of Eminent Domain?
• Who qualifies as a Good Faith Claimant under the Vacancy Law of 1939?
• Where does the title to the bed of a perennial stream remain when it crosses a Mexican grant?
• Why should the Mother Hubbard Clause not be included under the surveyor's seal?
• Which of the following is an example of a riparian water use?
• What is the primary role of a Probate Court?
• What is the size of land granted to families under Second Class Headrights after three years residency?
• What are porciones in the context of land in Texas?
• What process transforms sediments into rocks?
• How many years of study are typically required to determine the mean high tide?
• Which of the following is an example of secondary evidence?
• What governmental role did President Sam Houston play in relation to Loan Scrip?
• What is meant by 'allodial title'?
• What is typically required to prove a valid bequest?
• What is the maximum number of leagues a person could keep after twelve years under the land grant law?
• Islands formed by an avulsive change in navigable streams belong to whom?
• Under the 3 Year Statue Term, what must an adverse claimant hold?
• What does the Texas Act of December 14, 1837 stipulate regarding land surveyed on navigable water courses?
• What do Metes refer to in the context of land measurement?
• How long must a person use an easement for it to be considered prescriptive?
• What is the renewal fee set by the board for Registered Professional Land Surveyors (RPLS)?
• Who is considered a sovereign?
• What type of grant is referred to as a government grant of land received from the Spanish or Mexican government?
• Islands formed by accretion in navigable streams belong to which entity?
• What is the outcome of using an easement for 10 years?
• How does a torrential stream behave?
• What is the meaning of “Prescription” in property law?
• Who keeps records of suits for trespass to try title?
• In determining land rights, what does the description of land proximate to a stream determine?
• Who was Moses Austin in relation to Texas?
• Who was the most successful empresario in Texas by 1825?
• What is the total number of acres required to be cultivated according to the land grant process?
• What is the First Texas Road commonly known as?
• What defines the boundary line between the seashore and the upland estate?
• In the case of Baker vs Light, what typically causes inconsistencies between boundary calls?
• What is the role of an empresario?
• What happens to the colonists' lands and implements after the 12-year exemption period?
• When did the sale of school lands begin in Texas?
• How many square varas are there in one labor?
• What are riparian rights associated with?
• Do the statutes for adverse possession run against individuals under disability?
• What is the definition of a statute?
• Who bears the burden of proof in a Trespass to try title action?
• What is the status of a rubber stamp used as a seal for RPLS documentation?
• What is defined as an "Interested Person" in relation to a vacancy?
• What was the acreage granted to families under the Third Class Headrights in the Republic of Texas?
• What is the primary role of a witness in legal proceedings?
• What is the role of an expert witness?
• What were the names of the first four colonies during the Texas Republic?
• What characterizes the tides of large bodies of water?
• What is the definition of an abutter?
• How many leagues per county were reserved for education in Texas as established in 1839?
• Common Law Dedication can be established by which of the following?
• Which of the following processes is opposite to accretion?
• What burden is placed on the initiator of a suit in court cases regarding land disputes?
• Which of the following is NOT a requirement to be licensed as an RPLS in Texas?
• How many leagues does the term Hacienda refer to?
• Which class of evidence is considered the most certain?
• What is avulsion in the context of land ownership?
• What is the minimum lot size requirement for On-Site Sewage Facilities with public water in Texas?
• What concept does the Four Corners Rule emphasize?
• During which years did the Republic of Texas sovereignty period occur?
• Which characteristic is true of the 10 Year Statute Term in Texas?
• Who was the first commissioner of the Texas Land Office?
• If water of navigable streams is impounded behind a dam, what is the public's right?
• What is meant by "Altered riparian boundaries"?
• Who was responsible for collecting income and royalties from public school lands in Texas?
• How is a parcel defined in land surveying?
• Who or what does "Sovereign" refer to in legal terms?
• What does acquiescence refer to in legal terms?
• How many feet are in one mile?
• Which case established that ancient boundary lines recognized for long periods are significant?
• What ownership rights did Texas maintain over perennial streams prior to 1836?
• Which type of boundary is discussed in the context of gradient law in Diversion Lake Club V. Heath?
• What is the purpose of the "Mother Hubbard Clause" in surveying?
• If a perennial streambed is within a grant prior to 1837, who retains title to the streambed?
• What is the area of a league or sitio in acres?
• What is latent ambiguity in the context of land titles?
• What does the term "sovereign lands" refer to in a legal context?
• Which configuration describes a tract of land positioned on a non-navigable stream?
• What is termed when there is more land than what is nominally stated in a deed?
• In what year did Stephen F. Austin arrive in Texas with settlers?
• Which term refers to a gradual increase in land area due to the deposition of soil?
• What constitutes common law dedication?
• What defines a parcel in land surveying?
• What is the purpose of a suit to quiet title?
• What is the key ruling regarding navigable streams in State of Texas V. Heard?
• What is the shape of a tract of land placed on a navigable stream?
• In the context of Texas land use, flood waters are classified as:
• What can imply consent in situations involving legal agreements?
• What is the primary purpose of the Texas Coordinate System?
• What significant event does April 6, 1830, mark in Texas history?
• What type of laws were the Mexican land laws characterized as?
• What is the standard term length for a County Surveyor in Texas?
• What must Chain Carriers administer to perform duties for County Surveyors?
• What ensures that excesses given in a survey must remain within marked lines?
• What is meant by apportionment in land surveying?
• What does the term "Servient Estate" refer to in land surveying?
• When constructing boundaries, what is essential according to hierarchy of rights?
• Who were the recipients of Scrip Certificates issued in 1881?
• Which statute term requires the adverse claimant to hold under a recorded deed and to cultivate the land?
• Who is referred to as the testator?
• What is the purpose of homestead rights?
• What is a requirement for someone to be a county surveyor?
• What area does the public beach easement typically encompass according to the Open Beach Act of 1959?
• What does King V. Lane indicate about unrecorded plats?
• Riparian rights are based on the fact that an owner's land abuts which type of water?
• What defines erosion in land surveying terms?
• Which system involves ownership by a king and noblemen?
• What is the definition of Personal Property?
• What is a requirement of the 3 Year Statute term regarding title?
• Extrinsic evidence is primarily used for what purpose?
• What type of law were the Mexican land laws classified as?
• Which evidence type is used to clarify uncertainties within a document?
• What legal system originated from English law and cannot be repealed by Statute Law?
• During the Republic of Texas, how many acres were allotted to families in Empresario colonies?
• What is the required duration for establishing an easement by Prescription?
• What does a Patent signify in land ownership?
• What is a typical characteristic of riparian rights as seen in legal cases concerning water bodies?
• How many leagues were granted to empresarios for bringing 200 or more families?
• What is the primary focus of professional surveying practice?
• What characterizes an existing corner in surveying?
• Which law governed individual relationships and defined legal rights in Texas before January 20, 1840?
• How many square miles are equivalent to one league/sitio?
• Where can Spanish and Mexican titles be located?
• What are Scrap Files in the context of land surveying?
• What type of written description details a tract by describing its adjoiners?
• Who has the authority to make determinations about land vacancies?
• What does "negligence" refer to in legal terms?
• Which of the following statements accurately describes the 'Open Beach Act'?
• Who owns flood waters that are above the highest ordinary flow?
• What practices are included in professional surveying?
• What was established by Decree 128 on April 1, 1830?
• How is the Texas-Louisiana boundary defined?
• According to Luttes V. State of Texas, what areas do the laws pertain to?
• With which official are vacancies in land surveying typically filed?
• What does a memorial generally contain?
• The boundary line of a grant of a stream affected by the tide is determined in the same way as what?
• What is the size of the land granted under Homestead Donation Grants to heads of families?
• What does 'tacking' allow in the context of possession?
• Who has the authority to grant soil under tidal waters in Texas?
• What does the term “ordinary flow” imply in relation to water rights?
• What does a statute represent?
• What is a common characteristic of littoral and riparian owners?
• What assumption is made about a surveyor's actions in the case of Muldoon V. Sternberg?
• What does judgment denote in a court of justice?
• What does it mean when someone is described as "vested" in land surveying?
• How many counties are there in Texas?
• If the waters of navigable streams are impounded behind a dam, what rights do the public retain?
• Which is a key factor that defines negligence in surveying relations?
• What was the total amount of land claimed by Texas when they met in Columbia in December 1836 after gaining independence?
• What is credited to the Permanent University Fund in Texas?
• What does a record boundary refer to in land surveying?
• What legal right does eminent domain grant to the state?
• How will the shape of a tract of land placed on a navigable stream be configured?
• What is the approximate area of one labor in acres?
• What is a riparian owner?
• Why are regulatory and licensing agencies reviewed under the Sunset Act?
• What is one of the key determinants in a retracement survey?
• What is the purpose of a property description in surveying?
• Which of the following is NOT a type of easement exception?
• What is required under the Donation Grant initiative?
• What does a Patent grant signify in the context of Texas land grants?
• What does a Power of Attorney allow one person to do?
• How many acres are contained in one section of land?
• When was the highest bidder law for public school lands enacted?
• What is the requirement for offering surveying services in Texas?
• What term refers to the amount by which a boundary is less than what is stated in a deed?
• What is the minimum precision requirement outside the Extraterritorial Jurisdiction (ETJ) according to TBPELS?
• What denotes the "Mean Higher High Tide" before 1840 according to Texas law?
• Which of the following is a requirement before the issuance of a land grant?
• Which class of evidence must exist to substantiate claims of title?
• What is a primary purpose of the Statute of Frauds in real estate transactions?
• What does the Four Corners Rule entail?
• What was a requirement of the Fourth Class Headrights issued between January 1, 1840 and January 1, 1842?
• What criteria must immigrants prove to settle under the colonization law passed on March 24, 1825?
• What best describes an applicant in the context of land vacancy?
• Who keeps records for suits for trespass to try title in Texas?
• How does the statute of repose relate to land surveying claims?
• What does the acronym TCEQ stand for?
• What does "common repute" refer to in land surveying?
• What do we call it when an adjacent property owner gradually takes possession of another's land?
• What does the term "record boundary" suggest about its legitimacy?
• What established the foundation of law in the US, adopted in Texas in January 20, 1840?
• What is the maximum area limited under the 10 Year Statute Term without a title or a duly recorded deed?
• What is the key role of a surveyor as defined in the context of professional land surveying?
• What is the term used for land received from the Spanish/Mexican Government?
• What was the purpose of Loan Scrip in Texas?
• What type of funds primarily support university lands in Texas?
• According to Texas law, what is needed for a claim under the 5 Year Statute Term?
• What do riparian waters refer to?
• What did Confederate Scrip Certificates grant to certain individuals?
• Which of the following statements reflects the implications of the Four Corners Rule?
• What does the term "acquittance" refer to in property deeds?
• What does the Siete Partidas represent in the context of Texas law?
• How many leagues could Mexican citizens purchase under the Land Grants during colonization in Coahuila and Texas?
• Which statute term does not require taxes to be paid for a claim?
• What does the North American Datum of 1927 use for its calculations?
• What kind of encumbrance does a cloud on title signify?
• What type of materials do 'sedimentary' rocks include?
• What is the historical significance of Rene-Robert Cavelier de La Salle?
• After Texas gained independence, how many acres did Texas claim when they met in Columbia in December 1836?
• What usually causes inconsistency between two calls in land surveying?
• Who determines vacancy according to the General Land Office?
• Why is it important for real estate documents to be in writing according to the Statute of Frauds?
• What stipulation existed regarding families who participated in multiple battles of the Texas Revolution for Donation Grants?
• What is the definition of 'reliction'?
• Which of the following is true about the ownership associated with Fee Simple?
• What is the relationship of an easement appurtenant to estates?
• Where does a County Surveyor typically reside?
• What is alluvium?
• Who do islands formed in navigable streams by accretion belong to?
• What role does surveying play in the management of land title during the Spanish/Mexican period?
• Which of the following statements about boundaries is NOT true according to professional technical standards?
• What defines a lay witness in a court setting?
• What significant action did Rene-Robert Cavelier de La Salle take in 1685?
• If an island lies on both sides of the centerline of a non-navigable stream, who owns the land?
• What was the primary outcome of the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819?
• What is the Doctrine of Estoppel primarily concerned with?
• What is the generally recognized average used to establish the Mean High Tide marker in Texas?
• Who ruled that the line of mean high tide under common law is the same as the line of high water tide under Spanish and Mexican law?
• Which entity owns the unsurveyed land described as vacancy in Texas?
• Which entity must approve an RPLS's seal imprint?
• Who does an applicant file with when seeking a vacancy in land surveying?
• What authority does the Texas Legislature have regarding soil under tidal waters?
• What is a prescriptive easement?
• Which area of law does civil law primarily concern?
• What is a requirement for a preliminary surveying document?
• What responsibility does a surveyor assume according to the professional technical standards?
• What was the primary purpose of Bounty Grants offered by the Republic of Texas?
• According to common law, the boundary of tidal rivers is typically determined by what feature?
• What was required of railroads regarding land for the public school fund according to the Constitution of 1876?
• In Rio Bravo Oil Co. et al V. J.F. Weed, et al, which description prevails in the event of a conflict?
• What was the definitive ruling by the US Supreme Court in 1921 regarding the Texas-Oklahoma boundary?
• What characterizes an "Easement by Express Grant"?
• Why is the understanding of the Texas-Louisiana boundary important?
• For First Class Headrights in the Republic of Texas, what does a family receive?
• What significant event defined the international boundary between Mexico and the United States in 1848?
• What defines primary evidence in legal terms?
• What is the definition of a porcion?
• When is a property's easement commonly described and defined?
• What is the legal requirement for surveys related to land boundaries?
• What is the first consideration in Dignity of Calls?
• What is the measurement equivalent to a Spanish foot?
• Which type of evidence is categorized as 'indispensable'?
• What does "Ab initio" mean in legal terms?
• What defines an easement appurtenant?
• According to Texas law, what is the definition of a navigable stream?
• What does boundary determination represent in surveying?
• What is described as 'partial evidence given by a witness'?
• What is the legal term for a pending legal action concerning property?
• What does the Sunset Act entail concerning regulatory agencies?
• Who was prioritized for land grants under the Colonization Law of Coahuila and Texas?
• How do sedimentary rocks typically form?
• Which of the following best describes a requirement for existing corners in surveying?
• What is the maximum number of acres a soldier’s family could receive for military service according to the Bounty Grants?
• What distinguishes common law from statutory law?
• In King V. Lane, what is said about unrecorded plats?
• Which of the following is NOT a step in boundary reconstruction?
• According to the Colonization Act of 1823, how much land was allotted to heads of household?
• How should an RPLS set monuments?
• What must be disclosed on a preliminary statement?
• What does the term 'Gore' refer to in land surveying?
• In which year did the General Land Office officially open?
• What often serves as the final decision point between conflicting descriptions in land disputes?
• To what distance does coastal ownership of land extend in Texas?
• What effect does a Patent have on land ownership?
• In the context of agreements, what is consideration?
• Who does the applicant filing for a vacancy file with?
• What is the process of reliction?
• What is the requirement for setting monuments according to an RPLS?
• Who licenses the LSLS to perform survey work in Texas?
• For an island lying on both sides of the centerline of a non-navigable stream, what do the riparian owners own?
• What is a Quitclaim Deed?
• What does the term 'condemnation' refer to in land surveying?
• When was the Rail Road scrip passed?
• What does the Strip and Gore doctrine signify about land conveyance?
• Which type of records are typically found in a District Court?
• What is the size of one section of land as defined in Texas?
• What does a decree represent in legal proceedings?
• Which year was the 1824 Law, granting settlement rights to foreigners, established?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the professional technical standards for surveying?
• What is a significant function of the General Land Office?
• What does the term "Alliquot" refer to in land surveying?
• What type of lines are primarily discussed in the case of Kirby Lumber V. T.A. Campbell?
• What characterizes a non-perennial or torrential stream?
• What is required for a property claim under the 5 Year Statute Term in Texas?
• According to the Strip and Gore doctrine, what occurs when a strip of land ceases to be useful?
• Littoral rights are determined by the fact that an owner's land abuts what type of water body?
• What is a vara in relation to linear measurement?
• How many acres are equivalent to one labor in Texas?
• How many leagues are granted to Empresarios in Texas for every 100 families brought?
• How is possession evidenced in the context of land ownership?
• What was the first colony established during the Mexican Period?
• In Texas law, what primarily characterizes alluvium?
• What color is the printing cover for the Direct Index of deeds?
• What is a col-de-sac commonly known as?
• In land surveying, what does the term 'bounds' refer to?
• What is a defining feature of a lay witness in legal proceedings?
• How should the actual relative location of a corner be reported?
• What principle regarding ancient boundary lines was recognized in the case Blaffer vs State?
• Real Property can be best described as:
• In what context is the term 'gradient boundary' specifically used?
• What happens to islands formed by avulsive changes in navigable streams?
• How many acres could be claimed under a Bounty Grant for military service during the Texas Revolution?
• What does a construction estimate represent in planning?
• What aspect of water use do riparian rights specifically cover?
• What does the case Muldoon V. Sternberg suggest about a surveyor's field notes?
• What is considered a notable characteristic of First Class Headrights?
• What situation is described by a person being a good faith claimant?
• How many of the Land Districts in Texas are considered original?
• Where does the boundary line typically default in the absence of specification regarding a non-navigable stream?
• What was the purpose of the Homestead Exemption Decree of 1829?
• What age was John P. Borden when he became commissioner?
• Under Texas law, what must be proven to show possession of land for adverse possession claims?
• Which type of easement is imposed by a court to resolve a conflict, such as access for a land-locked property?
• What is a decree in legal terminology?
• What was the Central National Road Scrip used for?
• What does a good faith claimant believe regarding a vacancy?
• Which term best describes the process of land loss through nature's actions?
• In tacking, what is essential for satisfying the limitation period?
• What is a distinct requirement outlined in the Colonization Law regarding immigrants’ character?
• What is express dedication in land surveying?
• What constitutes eligibility for Preemption Grants in Texas?
• Which aspect of law does common law typically evolve from?
• What was the basis for establishing the Texas - New Mexico Boundary?
• What does the term "unrecorded called for plats" imply in real estate transactions as explained by King V. Lane?
• What term describes a claim on land which can impair the title but can be proven invalid?
• What does 'lis pendens' signify?
• Which statement best describes a Holographic Will?
• Which waters of streams used for irrigation are controlled by the state in Texas?
• Which type of line indicates where rights have been established in a deed?
• In surveying, what is referred to as a Locative Call?
• Which of the following describes the ownership system of allodial title?
• Which type of lines are involved in establishing legal rights in property transactions?
• What does the concept of Metes focus on?
• How many Land Districts are there in Texas?
• What is the duration of claims under the 25 Year Statute Term?
• What characterizes a "Squatter" in property terms?
• Which entity determines the value of a vacancy?
• What was the ruling of the Texas Supreme Court in Hogue v. Baker (1898) regarding vacant land?
• What type of land grant was provided to farmers according to the Colonization Act?
• What legal benefit does a Holographic Will provide in Texas?
• What type of land is described as areas located between patented land grants?
• What is the acreage defined as 'Labor' in Texas?
• On what date did Texas officially join the Union?
• What can be used to prove an agreement fixing a boundary, as established in Gulf Oil Corp vs Marathon Oil Co.?
• What is classified as direct evidence?
• What happens to property title lines if avulsion occurs?
• What forms layers that can eventually become sedimentary rock?
• In which year was the Relinquishment Act enacted?
• Who was the first European explorer to map the Texas coastline?
• How is an indispensable evidence defined?
• What time period did the Republic of Texas issue Headrights?
• What requirement was mandated by the legislation in 1905 regarding school lands?
• What were odd-numbered sections of land reserved for in the railroad scrip system?
• What was the minimum length of railroad that needed to be built according to the Rail Road scrip requirements?
• Which statement describes the Second Class Headrights?
• What qualifies as an office survey?
• Which flags represent the historical influences in Texas?